STALK CUTTER-12343

Product Code: SAP PARÇALAMA MAKINASI

Soil consists of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere layers. If one of these layers does not exist, the material cannot be defined as soil. The fertility of the soil decreases, as it gets deeper. Stubble burning harms the significant fertile elements in the most fertile top layers of soil. The effect of the temperature reaching 250 ° C at 0-5 cm depth during the stubble fires destroys the organic matter which is one of the most important parameters for biological activity (biosphere), humidity (hydrosphere) and productivity in this region. Due to stubble fires, some soil spheres (biosphere and hydrosphere) disappear from the top layers of the soil and the soil turns into a material that does not fit the definition. This material is then mixed with uncultivated soil or less damaged soil. With this blend, some lost properties of the soil soon return to their former state, while some lost values can never be recovered. Producers who want to get a good product from the soil, which is increasingly inefficient because of such methods applied every year, start to cause economic and ecological problems by resorting to more tilling and using chemicals. Like every wrong application, burning stubble leads to irreversible losses. Over time, these losses significantly affect soil fertility, and the soil turns into a material that cannot be harvested and farmed. Earth is a living system that has billions of life forms in it and plays a very important role in the lives of thousands of live species. For whatever reason, it is not the right method to sterilize it by fire.
In general, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, protozoa, insects and earthworms are found in the soil. The number and activity level of these organisms are influenced by various factors such as climate, soil structure, soil reaction, water retention capacity, amount of organic matter, salt, N, P, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), S content and aboveground vegetation. Incorrect agricultural practices, such as burning stubble, which negatively affect soil microorganisms that have very important tasks in soil fertility, cause the above-mentioned organisms to disappear over time. The adverse effects of stubble fires, which reduce biodiversity, create soil desertification over time.
Planting the soil, the erosion is reduced by 60 to 90 percent. The rate of holding winter rainfall in stubby fields is determined as 37 percent while the rate of holding rainfall on the fields burned is 9 percent. Our farmers indicate that they burn stubbles to reduce weeds, hayseeds, pests and similar wastes in the land however burning stubble affects the chemical and physical structure of the soil. An ideal soil volume should be 50 percent solids, 25 percent liquids and 25 percent air. There should also be 5 percent organic matter in the soil. Organicity ratio in 70 percent of Turkey's land is below 1 percent. We can increase the organic ratio of the land by avoiding burning stubbles. In parallel with the increase of organic ratio of soil, soil fertility is increased.
Since plant stubbles in the field after harvest have no value for farmers they burn stubbles for different purposes such as to destroy insects and other harmful substances, to prevent various diseases, to make soil tillage easier, and to destroy stubbles easily, quickly and cost-effectively. However, it is extremely incorrect to burn stubble in modern farming techniques, and it is not possible to compensate for the damage from the burning act.
Damages Caused by Stubble Burning:
1. The living top layer of the soil (organic matter) which is of great importance in the growth of plants also burns.
2. The resistance of the soil to erosion is reduced, whereas the stubbles protects the fertile land against water and wind erosion.
3. The greatest loss of soil occurs in the fields that are burned, and the least loss of soil occurs in the fields that are cultivated after harvest without being burned.
4. The burned lands have less capacity to hold water. Soil is transported by rainwater and water is not stored because the channels that are opened by the soil collapse.
5. It is not possible to destroy Root rot and Weevil by burning stubble. In the following years, root rot disease increases.
6. Stubble burning degrades the natural structure of the soil and reduces its productivity.
7. It pollutes the air and rising smoke leads to loss of life and property as it prevents visibility distance, especially on the roadsides.
8. Soil productivity is reduced.
9. The nutrient medium of soil organisms is destroyed
10. The living environment created by many substances left by soil organisms is burnt down and destroyed.
11. The soil is blown with wind, swept by flood and suffers from erosion as a result.
12. Soil exhaustion increases.
13. Natural balance is disturbed.
14. It may cause forest fires.
15. Along with stubbles burning, other neighboring fields and gardens may also burn.
16. When the burning fields are on the roadside, it can cause fatal accidents by reducing the visibility of vehicles passing by.
To Remove Stubble Fires:
• After the harvest, the remaining stalks in the field must be shattered by the stalk cutter and the shattered stalks must be collected by rakes.
• Grain harvesting with harvester should be done close to the soil surface so that it will be easier for the remaining stalk to be broken down by microorganisms and decay since the amount of remaning stalk will be small.
• Nitrogen balancing fertilizer should be given to 1% of the remaining stalk to ensure that stubbles break down more rapidly into organic matter.
STALK CUTTER

If plant stems such as sunflower, corn and tobacco, which are especially from thick-stemmed plants, are not shredded after harvest, they may seriously obstruct the growth of the next crop, as they will decay in a long time. In addition, due to late decay, the soil will be poor in organic matter. For this reason, the coarse stems in the ground must be disintegrated by the stalk cutters and mixed with the soil. Plant residue after harvesting in the soil needs to be cut and torn to help decomposition process and to prevent it from causing problems in sowing and planting. In order for a good seed bed preparation and sowing machine to work without clogging, surface debris must be broken up into the soil or spread regularly over the soil surface. Otherwise, the temperature of the soil layer in which the seed is placed decreases, resulting in delayed germination and harvest dates, poor plant growth, yield loss and suitable condition for the increase of diseases and pests. Straw Cutters or Tooth Harrows etc. are used for shredding surface debris such as stalks, straw, stubble, etc. to be mixed with the soil or spreading them on the surface of the field. In studies conducted on the disintegration of cotton stalks, it was found that 48% of the nitrogen, 41% of the phosphorus and 74% of the potas will be returned to the soil if the cotton stalks are broken and mixed again to the soil.